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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet and also the composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been breached or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, some soldiers obstruct tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence.153 In scenarios where the intrusion is coming out of a breach that is larger than the soldier's mind, defence demands a special formations where soldiers shape a phalanx-like formation around the breach and sting at intruders.154 If an invasion carried out by Megaponera analis is successful, an entire colony could be ruined, even though this scenario is rare.154.

To termites, any breach of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential breach, the soldiers usually bang their minds, apparently to entice other troops for defence and also to recruit additional employees to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites which causes them to be alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the distressed area, which is also a means to recruit additional workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, also known as nasutes, that possess the ability to exude noxious fluids via a horn-like frontal projection they utilize for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles through the plan of evolution and must be fed by employees.59 A vast array of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the fluids that nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a huge gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellow fluid in the gland gets very tacky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects that are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube which denies entry to any outsider.161.

Employees use several different approaches to take care of their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse entirely.162163164 To prevent pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries a corpse from the colony to dispose of it everywhere.165 Which approach is utilized depends on the nature of this corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown balls, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggsand in some circumstances the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists between different species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain particular species within Reticulitermes.

This chemical mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant are known to catch termites to use as a fresh food origin later on, rather than killing them. For example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who try to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species go in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants go to my blog like Megaponera analis attack the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their own geographical range; another is to shield themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds although no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than the usual predatory one) is known.116 In rare cases, certain species of termites reside inside active ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and reside inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a consequence, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.